SCIENCE AND SOCIETY
Q 1) What is the difference between objective thinking and prejudiced thinking?
Objective thinking is based on impartial thinking without favoring or opposing any idea or belief and can be called scientific or impartial thinking. Prejudiced thinking is based on favoring or opposing any idea or belief in the absence of reality. It is also called a partial or unscientific thinking.
Q 2) Explain what is meant by the 'Universality’ of science and mathematics.
The universality of science and mathematics means to be same values and rules everywhere in all circumstances those are totally based on true facts and statistics. Like science has general rules and laws which are applicable at everywhere in the same way mathematics also has some formulae and calculations which are also true and identical for all over the world.
Q 3) With what meaning is ‘values’ used in the passage.
The word ‘value' that is used in the chapter refers to the moral principles. Moral and ethical principles are the most important in human's life because they teach the way to lead an appropriate and respectful life in the society. Without knowing and application of those principles, the pleasant society cannot be established.
Q 4) Define 'altruism’.
Altruism is a noun. That refers the willingness of a person to practice of selfish concern or devotion to the welfare and benefits of others. It is simply a quality of being kind for others without considering the benefits and drawbacks of him.
Q 5) What is meant by the 'humanities’?
The humanities’ means classical and literary studies, intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills. The word is used for such subjects those can be used to promote humanistic and moral principles.
Q 6) In what period does the writer place the beginning of modern science?
The writer appeared to place the beginning of modern science in the seventeen century by discussing some theories which gave the new glow to science. The write chiefly discussed Issac Newton who presented his pioneering theory that was called the law of universal gravitation.
Q 7) What three elements contributed to the development of science?
The three elements which contributed a lot to the development and the amazing progress of science are the scientific attitude of a person, the development and effective implementation of wonderful instruments for observations and measurement and the last is the effective use of mathematics.
Q 8) The write mentions four contributions made by science to the ‘welfare of the society, what are they?
The writer mentioned the four main contributions made by science to the welfare of the society in which the first and the most significant factor is to provide comfort and to work for the interest of modern living. It also helps to the people and organizations those are working for the reduction of social evils of poverty and disease. Handling wisely to political, social and economic problems are also beneficiaries of the blessing of science.
Q 9) The writer concludes by affirming that education should contain three elements. What are they?
The writer concludes by affirming that education should contain three elements. In those elements, the first and the most significant elements for a person is the acceptance and implementation of modern science in his life to get the maximum understanding of the world. Another element is about the knowledge and beliefs of moral values without those the harmonious society cannot be established and the last is the knowledge and respect for the religions and humanities because they help to become the best member of any society.
Q 10) Why young people of today must be educated in modern science?
Young people must be educated in modern science, its methods, and its applications because they give him the sense to think broadly about the universe and its peace. Young, educated generation can play the vital role in the development of good society and also can be helpful to solve many problems of daily life without them the peaceful and modern world is totally incomprehensible.
Q 11) Why has science failed to solve social and political problems of the world?
Science has failed to solve social and political problems of the world because of its limitation because science is only eligible for those things which can be observed and measured and treated mathematically. It cannot be applied more effectively to cure of the social and political problems of the world. It works only on spiritual things and had not any concern with ethics, love, affection or hatred.
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