First Year English Notes Sindh Board TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION

                                 Technological Revolution

 

S. NO.	Words	Meaning	Meaning	Sentences
1	Innovation	The introduction of new ideas, methods, or devices	ارتقاء	Innovation is necessary to keep up with the rapidly changing world.
2	Efficient	Achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or resources	کارآمد	The new machine is more efficient than the previous one.
3	Communities	Groups of people who share common interests, values, or goals	برادری، جماعت	The community came together to celebrate the festival.
4	Heralded	To be praised or acclaimed as something important or significant	اعلان کرنا، اشتہار کرنا	The new policy was heralded as a major breakthrough in education reform.
5	Manipulate	To control or influence something or someone in a skilful or unfair way	مکر کرنا، کھیلنا، مغالطہ کرنا	He tried to manipulate the data to make it look better for his report.
6	Effective	Producing the desired outcome or result.	موثر	Regular exercise is an effective way to maintain good health.
7	Spectrum	The complete range of colours	طیف	The spectrum of colours visible to the human eye is quite broad.
8	Prediction	A statement or forecast about what is likely to happen in the future	پیشگوئی	His prediction about the outcome of the election turned out to be accurate.
9	Phenomena	Observable events or occurrences	پدیدہ	The Northern Lights are a natural phenomena that occur in the polar regions.
10	Atmospherical	Relating to the Earth's atmosphere	ہوائیاتی	The study of the earth's atmospheric conditions is an important field of research.
11	Hydrological	Relating to the study of water and its properties	آبیاتی	Hydrological studies are crucial for understanding the distribution of water resources.
12	Toddler	A young child who is learning to walk and develop language skill	چھوٹا بچہ	The toddler took his first steps today.
13	Widespread	Existing or occurring over a large area or among many people.	وسیع پھیلاو	The news of the flood was widespread and affected many areas.
14	Tele-school	A form of education that uses telecommunications technology,	مواصلاتی اسکول	Tele-school has made education more accessible to students in remote areas.
15	Telemedicine	video conferencing or remote monitoring, to provide medical care and consultation from a distance.	مواصلاتی دوائ	Telemedicine allows doctors to provide remote medical consultations to patients.
16	Proliferated	To increase rapidly in number or quantity.	فروغ پذیر ہونا	The use of smartphones has proliferated in recent years.
17	Epidemics	Occurrences of infectious diseases that spread rapidly and affect a large number of people in a specific area or region	وبائی بیماریاں	The world has seen many epidemics throughout history, such as the Spanish Flu.
18	Pandemics	Global epidemics that spread across multiple countries and continents.	بین الاقوامی وبائی بیماریاں	The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the world.
19	Hazards	Potential dangers or risks	خطرات	Hazards like earthquakes and floods can cause significant damage.
20	Threatened	To be in danger or at risk of harm or damage.	خطرے میں ڈالنا	The threatened species needs protection to prevent it from becoming extinct.
21	Enormous	Very large in size, quantity, or degree.	بہت بڑا	The project required an enormous amount of resources and manpower.
22	Actuators	Devices or mechanisms that produce physical movement or action in response to an input or signal	عمل کرانے والے آلات	Actuators are used to control and manipulate the movement of mechanical systems.

 

MCQs

1. What is the main focus of the passage?

a. The history of information technology advancements

b. The use of digital vs. analog information processing

c. The impact of the railroad on communication

d. The importance of information breakthroughs

 2. Which of the following is an example of an information breakthrough mentioned in the passage?

a. The invention of the pen

b. The use of paper for recording information

c. The development of the steam engine               

d. The invention of the telephone

 3. According to the passage, what was the main challenge in processing information after World War II?

a. The scarcity of information                                     

b. The cost of creating and transmitting information

c. The reliance on analogue recording methods       

d. The lack of optimists heralding new eras

 4. What is the difference between atoms and bits in recording and transmitting information?

a. Atoms are used for analog processing, while bits are used for digital processing

b. Atoms are more expensive to use than bits

c. Atoms are faster in processing information than bits

d. There is no difference between atoms and bits in processing information

 

5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way to record information in analog form?

a. Pen and pencil                                                              b. Industrial offset printers

c. Xerox machines                                                            d. Digital cameras

 

6. How did telephones transmit voices?

a. Through electric waves that could be played back on speakers

b. Through digital recordings that could be played back on a computer

c. Through analog recordings on vinyl discs

d. Through the use of light to imprint sound onto photo paper

 

7.What are integrated circuits used for in children's toys?

a. To make them more expensive

b. To make them lighter in weight

c. To enable children to interact with them

d. To make them more durable

 

8.What is the benefit of technology in vehicles?

a. Making them faster

b. Making them safer

c. Making them more luxurious

d. Making them more expensive

 

9. What is telepresence?

a. The ability to work in extreme conditions

b. The ability to travel to different countries

c. The ability to communicate with people in real time

d. The ability to teleport to different locations

 

10. What does e-commerce allow people to do?

a. Buy a wider array of goods and services

b. Buy goods and services only from local stores

c. Buy more expensive goods and services

d. Buy goods and services that are not available in other countries

 

11. How has technology improved people's lives?

a. By introducing low-quality visuals and graphics

b. By limiting the variety of products and services available

c. By enabling people to make safer choices

d. By making products and services more expensive

 

 

QUESTIONS - ANSWERS

 Q.1 What do you mean by technological revolution?

Technological revolution refers to a significant and rapid advancement in technology that results in significant changes in various aspects of society, including the economy, culture, and daily life. Technological revolutions are characterized by the emergence of new technologies that revolutionize the way people work, live, and interact with each other.

Historically, technological revolutions have occurred when new technologies have replaced or significantly improved upon existing technologies, leading to massive societal changes. Examples of technological revolutions include the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries, which saw the emergence of machines and factories, and the Digital Revolution of the late 20th and early 21st centuries, which saw the emergence of digital technologies and the internet.

Technological revolutions have a profound impact on society, as they change the way people live and work, and often create new industries and economic opportunities. However, they also present challenges, such as the displacement of workers in certain industries and the need for new regulations to deal with the new technologies.

OR

A technological revolution is a significant and rapid advancement in technology that fundamentally changes various aspects of society, leading to massive societal changes. It occurs when new technologies replace or significantly improve existing technologies, resulting in the emergence of new industries and economic opportunities. Technological revolutions have a profound impact on the way people live and work, and they often present both opportunities and challenges, such as the displacement of workers and the need for new regulations.

Q.2 Why did innovation information remain scarce at the time of World War II?

During World War II, the sharing of information was limited due to concerns about national security. Governments and militaries closely guarded information about military strategies, weapons, and other critical technologies. This was particularly true of innovations related to cryptography, radar technology, and nuclear energy, which played a critical role in the war. Additionally, the lack of advanced communication technologies at the time meant that information was slower to travel and less widely available. The lack of advanced computing systems also limited the ability to process and analyze data quickly. Moreover, the war had a significant impact on the economy and society, with many resources diverted to the war effort. This resulted in limited funding and resources for research and development in other areas, including civilian technologies. Overall, the combination of national security concerns, limited communication technologies, and the diversion of resources to the war effort resulted in limited innovation and information sharing during World War II.

Q.3 How is the technology boon for the students?

Technology has been a boon for students in many ways. Here are some examples:

Access to Information: With the rise of the internet and other digital resources, students now have access to vast amounts of information on virtually any topic. This makes it easier for them to conduct research and expand their knowledge.

1.       Online Learning: Technology has made it possible for students to learn from anywhere, at any time. With online learning platforms and tools, students can access educational content and resources remotely, which can be especially beneficial for those who live in remote areas or have busy schedules.

2.       Interactive Learning: Technology has enabled more interactive and engaging learning experiences, with multimedia tools like videos, simulations, and games. This can make learning more fun and effective, and help students to retain information better.

3.       Collaboration: Technology has made it easier for students to collaborate and work together on projects, whether they are in the same classroom or on opposite sides of the world. Online communication tools like email, chat, and video conferencing make it possible to work together in real time, share ideas, and collaborate on projects.

4.       Personalized Learning: Technology has made it possible to personalize learning experiences to the needs and preferences of individual students. Adaptive learning technologies can adjust the pace and content of instruction based on a student's progress, while digital platforms can provide personalized feedback and recommendations.

Overall, technology has transformed the way students learn and has provided them with new opportunities and tools to succeed in their academic pursuits.

Q.4 What are the benefits of E-commerce in today's world?

E-commerce, or electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet. It has become increasingly popular in today's world and offers several benefits to both businesses and consumers. Here are some of the benefits of e-commerce:

Convenience: E-commerce allows consumers to shop online from the comfort of their homes or wherever they have access to the internet. This eliminates the need to physically travel to a store, which saves time and effort.

Access to a wider customer base: E-commerce allows businesses to reach customers around the world, which can increase their customer base and revenue potential.

Lower costs: E-commerce can be more cost-effective for businesses than traditional brick-and-mortar stores, as it eliminates the need for physical storefronts, reduces staffing costs, and can lower marketing costs.

Increased competition: E-commerce has made it easier for small businesses to compete with larger ones, as they can reach customers online without the need for a physical presence.

Personalization: E-commerce platforms can collect data on customer preferences and behaviours, which can be used to personalize the shopping experience and offer personalized recommendations.

Faster transactions: E-commerce transactions can be completed quickly and easily, without the need for physical paperwork or in-person interactions.

24/7 availability: E-commerce platforms are available 24/7, allowing customers to shop at any time, even outside of regular business hours.

Overall, e-commerce offers several benefits to both businesses and consumers, making it an increasingly popular way to buy and sell goods and services in today's world.

Q.5 How does technology work in environmental work areas?

Technology has the potential to play a significant role in environmentally sensitive areas. Here are some examples of how technology can be used in environmental work areas:

1.       Environmental monitoring: Technology can be used to monitor the environment in real time, including air quality, water quality, noise levels, and other environmental factors. This information can be used to identify potential hazards and to develop strategies to mitigate environmental impacts.

2.       Renewable energy: Technology is enabling the development and deployment of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower. These sources of energy can reduce dependence on fossil fuels and help mitigate the impact of climate change.

3.       Waste management: Technology can be used to manage waste more efficiently, including recycling and composting. It can also be used to identify and track hazardous waste, to prevent pollution and environmental damage.

4.       Sustainable agriculture: Technology can be used in agriculture to increase efficiency, reduce waste, and promote sustainable practices. Precision agriculture, for example, uses data and technology to optimize crop yields while minimizing inputs such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides.

5.       Environmental remediation: Technology can be used to clean up contaminated sites and to prevent further environmental damage. Remediation technologies include techniques such as bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to break down pollutants, and phytoremediation, which uses plants to remove contaminants from soil and water.

Overall, technology can play an important role in environmental work areas by providing data and tools to manage natural resources and promote sustainable practices. By harnessing the power of technology, we can work towards a more sustainable future for our planet.

Q.6 How does technology secure humans from calamities?

Technology has revolutionized the way we prepare for and respond to disasters and calamities. Here are some ways that technology helps to secure humans during disasters:

Early warning systems: Technology enables the development of early warning systems that can alert people to impending disasters. For example, weather monitoring systems can provide early warning of hurricanes, tornadoes, and other severe weather events, giving people time to evacuate and prepare.

Disaster response: Technology can be used to coordinate disaster response efforts and ensure that resources are directed to where they are needed most. Communication technologies such as satellite phones, radios, and social media can be used to quickly connect responders and victims.

Search and rescue: Technology plays a critical role in search and rescue efforts during disasters. Drones and other unmanned aerial vehicles can be used to search large areas for survivors, while robots can be used to navigate dangerous environments and perform search and rescue operations.

Disaster recovery: Technology can also help in the recovery phase of a disaster. For example, 3D printing can be used to quickly produce replacement parts and tools, while virtual reality can be used to train people in disaster response and recovery.

Disaster simulation: Technology can be used to simulate disasters and test emergency response plans. This allows responders to identify weaknesses in their plans and to make improvements before a real disaster occurs.

Overall, technology plays a crucial role in securing humans during disasters by enabling early warning, facilitating response efforts, and aiding in recovery and reconstruction. By harnessing the power of technology, we can better prepare for and respond to disasters, ultimately saving lives and protecting communities.

Q. 7 Some people have opinions that youngsters are not safe in the technological era? Give reasons for your agreement or disagreement.

On one hand, the technological era has brought many benefits to young people, such as access to information and education, new opportunities for social interaction, and enhanced creativity and self-expression. However, it is also true that there are potential risks and dangers associated with the use of technology, especially for younger users who may not fully understand the consequences of their actions.

Some of the risks associated with technology use by young people include:

Cyberbullying and harassment: Young people may be at risk of cyberbullying or harassment through social media platforms or other online channels.

Exposure to inappropriate content: Young people may be exposed to inappropriate or harmful content, such as violent or pornographic material, through the internet or other digital media.

Addiction and overuse: Young people may become addicted to technology or overuse it, leading to negative effects on their health, well-being, and social development.

Privacy and security: Young people may be at risk of having their personal information or identity stolen, or of being targeted by predators or other malicious actors online.

To address these risks, it is important for parents, educators, and other adults to provide guidance and support to young people in their use of technology. This may include setting boundaries and rules for technology use, monitoring their online activity, and providing education and resources on digital literacy and safety.

Overall, while there are potential risks associated with technology use by young people, these risks can be mitigated through education, guidance, and responsible use. It is important to recognize the benefits that technology can provide to young people while also taking steps to ensure their safety and well-being in the digital age.

Q.8 Which technology innovation has impacted you profoundly and how?

some examples of technological innovations that have impacted us profoundly:

1.       The Internet: The Internet has transformed the way we communicate, access information, and conduct business. It has enabled global connectivity and has brought people and communities closer together. The internet has also created new opportunities for learning, entertainment, and social interaction.

2.       Smartphones: Smartphones have revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. They have become an essential part of daily life for many people, providing instant access to the internet, social media, messaging, and other applications. Smartphones have also made it easier to capture and share photos and videos, stay organized, and manage tasks.

3.       Social media: Social media has enabled people to connect and interact with others across the globe. It has created new opportunities for self-expression, creativity, and socialization. Social media has also become a powerful tool for activism, advocacy, and social change.

4.       Artificial intelligence (AI): AI has the potential to revolutionize many industries, from healthcare to finance to transportation. AI technologies such as machine learning, natural language processing, and robotics are already being used to develop new products and services and to improve efficiency and productivity.

Overall, these technological innovations have had a profound impact on our lives, transforming the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. They have created new opportunities and challenges, and have reshaped the way we think about communication, creativity, and innovation.

Q.9 How did technology contribute in people's lives safe during the recent pandemic or disaster? 

Technology played a crucial role in helping people stay safe during the recent pandemic and other disasters. Here are some examples:

1.       Remote communication: Technology such as video conferencing, instant messaging, and social media allow people to stay in touch with loved ones, colleagues, and healthcare professionals without having to physically meet them. This helped to prevent the spread of the virus and ensured that people received the care and support they needed.

2.       Contact tracing: Technology such as mobile apps and GPS tracking helped to identify and trace the movements of people who had been in contact with infected individuals. This helped to prevent the spread of the virus and enabled authorities to quickly isolate and treat affected individuals.

3.       Remote learning and work: Technology allowed students and employees to continue their education and work remotely during the pandemic. This helped to prevent the disruption of education and economic activity and ensured that people could continue to earn a living and support their families.

4.       Delivery services: Technology-enabled delivery services allow people to order groceries, medication, and other essentials from the comfort of their own homes. This reduced the need for people to leave their homes and risk exposure to the virus.

Overall, technology played a crucial role in helping people stay safe during the pandemic and other disasters. It enabled people to stay connected, work remotely, and access essential services while reducing the risk of infection and preventing the spread of the virus.

Q. 10 Write a short paragraph on the disadvantages of technology?

While technology has brought numerous benefits to our lives, it also has its drawbacks. One of the main disadvantages of technology is the potential for addiction, as people may become too reliant on technology and spend too much time on their devices. Another disadvantage is the impact of technology on social interactions, as people may prefer to communicate digitally rather than in person, leading to a decrease in face-to-face interactions and social skills. Additionally, technology can have negative effects on physical health, as extended screen time can cause eye strain, headaches, and sleep disorders. Finally, technology can also have a negative impact on the environment, as the production and disposal of electronic devices contribute to pollution and waste.